Java实现二维码技术探讨。-白红宇

Java实现二维码技术探讨。

阅读量：5067 次

发布时间：2019-06-12

本文共 11930 字，大约阅读时间需要 39 分钟。

Java生成二维码方法有三种：

1：使用SwetakeQRCode在Java项目中生成二维码

http://swetake.com/qr/ 下载地址

或着http://sourceforge.jp/projects/qrcode/downloads/28391/qrcode.zip

这个是日本人写的，生成的是我们常见的方形的二维码

能够用中文如：5677777ghjjjjj

2：使用BarCode4j生成条形码和二维码

BarCode4j网址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/barcode4j/

barcode4j是使用datamatrix的二维码生成算法，为支持qr的算法

datamatrix是欧美的标准。qr为日本的标准，

barcode4j一般生成出来是长方形的

如：88777alec000yan

这个博客这方面说的挺清楚的：

http://baijinshan.iteye.com/blog/1004554

3、如今具体介绍第三种也是经常使用的方式：利用Zxing生成二维码

Zxing是Google提供的关于条码（一维码、二维码）的解析工具，提供了二维码的生成与解析的方法，如今我简介一下使用Java利用Zxing生成与解析二维码。

第一步:将Zxing-core.jar 包增加项目中。

第二步加入下面三个Java文件，三个文件功能例如以下：

MatrixToImageWriter.java 生成二维码图片。

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java 解析二维码图片。

BarcodeFactory.java 生成带头像的二维码。

MatrixToImageWriter.java

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;import java.io.File;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.Hashtable;import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;public final class MatrixToImageWriter {	private static final int BLACK = 0xFF000000;	private static final int WHITE = 0xFFFFFFFF;	private MatrixToImageWriter() {	}	public static BufferedImage toBufferedImage(BitMatrix matrix) {		int width = matrix.getWidth();		int height = matrix.getHeight();		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);		for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {			for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {				image.setRGB(x, y, matrix.get(x, y) ?

BLACK : WHITE); } } return image; } public static void writeToFile(BitMatrix matrix, String format, File file) throws IOException { BufferedImage image = toBufferedImage(matrix); if (!ImageIO.write(image, format, file)) { throw new IOException("Could not write an image of format " + format + " to " + file); } } public static void writeToStream(BitMatrix matrix, String format, OutputStream stream) throws IOException { BufferedImage image = toBufferedImage(matrix); if (!ImageIO.write(image, format, stream)) { throw new IOException("Could not write an image of format " + format); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String text = "二维码内容，能够是链接也能够是文本"; int width = 300; int height = 300; Hashtable hints = new Hashtable(); hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");//内容所使用编码 BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(text, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hints); File outputFile = new File("E:/qrtest/生成普通二维码.jpg"); //File.separator String format = "jpg";//二维码的图片格式 MatrixToImageWriter.writeToFile(bitMatrix, format, outputFile); } }

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java

import com.google.zxing.Binarizer;import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;import com.google.zxing.Result;import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;import java.awt.Graphics2D;import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;import java.io.File;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;public final class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {	private final BufferedImage image;	private final int left;	private final int top;	public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {		this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());	}	public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height) {		super(width, height);		int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();		int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();		if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");		}		for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {			for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {				if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {					image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white				}			}		}		this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);		this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);		this.left = left;		this.top = top;	}	@Override	public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {		if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested row is outside the image: " + y);		}		int width = getWidth();		if (row == null || row.length < width) {			row = new byte[width];		}		image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);		return row;	}	@Override	public byte[] getMatrix() {		int width = getWidth();		int height = getHeight();		int area = width * height;		byte[] matrix = new byte[area];		image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);		return matrix;	}	@Override	public boolean isCropSupported() {		return true;	}	@Override	public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {		return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left, this.top + top, width, height);	}	@Override	public boolean isRotateSupported() {		return true;	}	@Override	public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {		int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();		int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();		AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);		BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight, sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);		Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();		g.drawImage(image, transform, null);		g.dispose();		int width = getWidth();		return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top, sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);	}	public static void main(String[] args) {		//解析二维码		try {			MultiFormatReader formatReader = new MultiFormatReader();			String filePath = "E:/qrtest/生成普通二维码.jpg";			File file = new File(filePath);			BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(file);			LuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);			Binarizer binarizer = new HybridBinarizer(source);			BinaryBitmap binaryBitmap = new BinaryBitmap(binarizer);						Map hints = new HashMap();			hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8");			Result result = formatReader.decode(binaryBitmap, hints);			System.out.println("result = " + result.toString());			System.out.println("resultFormat = " + result.getBarcodeFormat());			System.out.println("resultText = " + result.getText());		} catch (Exception e) {			e.printStackTrace();		}	}}

BarcodeFactory.java

import java.awt.Color;import java.awt.Graphics2D;import java.awt.Image;import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;import java.awt.image.AffineTransformOp;import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;import java.io.File;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;import com.google.zxing.WriterException;import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;public class BarcodeFactory {	// 图片宽度的一般	private static final int IMAGE_WIDTH = 80;	private static final int IMAGE_HEIGHT = 80;	private static final int IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH = IMAGE_WIDTH / 2;	private static final int FRAME_WIDTH = 2;	// 二维码写码器	private static MultiFormatWriter mutiWriter = new MultiFormatWriter();	/**	 * 将srcImagePath嵌入到destImagePath	 */	public static void encode(String content, int width, int height, String srcImagePath, String destImagePath) {		try {			ImageIO.write(genBarcode(content, width, height, srcImagePath), "jpg", new File(destImagePath));		} catch (IOException e) {			e.printStackTrace();		} catch (WriterException e) {			e.printStackTrace();		}	}	private static BufferedImage genBarcode(String content, int width, int height, String srcImagePath)			throws WriterException, IOException {		// 读取源图像		BufferedImage scaleImage = scale(srcImagePath, IMAGE_WIDTH, IMAGE_HEIGHT, true);		int[][] srcPixels = new int[IMAGE_WIDTH][IMAGE_HEIGHT];		for (int i = 0; i < scaleImage.getWidth(); i++) {			for (int j = 0; j < scaleImage.getHeight(); j++) {				srcPixels[i][j] = scaleImage.getRGB(i, j);			}		}		Map
     
       hint = new HashMap
      
       ();		hint.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");		hint.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);		// 生成二维码		BitMatrix matrix = mutiWriter.encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hint);		// 二维矩阵转为一维像素数组		int halfW = matrix.getWidth() / 2;		int halfH = matrix.getHeight() / 2;		int[] pixels = new int[width * height];		for (int y = 0; y < matrix.getHeight(); y++) {			for (int x = 0; x < matrix.getWidth(); x++) {				// 读取图片				if (x > halfW - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH && x < halfW + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH && y > halfH - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH						&& y < halfH + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH) {					pixels[y * width + x] = srcPixels[x - halfW + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH][y - halfH + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH];				}				// 在图片四周形成边框				else if ((x > halfW - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH && x < halfW - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH						&& y > halfH - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH && y < halfH + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH)						|| (x > halfW + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH && x < halfW + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH								&& y > halfH - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH && y < halfH + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH)						|| (x > halfW - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH && x < halfW + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH								&& y > halfH - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH && y < halfH - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH)						|| (x > halfW - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH && x < halfW + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH								&& y > halfH + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH && y < halfH + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH)) {					pixels[y * width + x] = 0xfffffff;				} else {					// 此处能够改动二维码的颜色，能够分别制定二维码和背景的颜色；					pixels[y * width + x] = matrix.get(x, y) ? 0xff000000 : 0xfffffff;				}			}		}		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);		image.getRaster().setDataElements(0, 0, width, height, pixels);		return image;	}	/**	 * 把传入的原始图像按高度和宽度进行缩放。生成符合要求的图标	 * 	 * @param srcImageFile	 *            源文件地址	 * @param height	 *            目标高度	 * @param width	 *            目标宽度	 * @param hasFiller	 *            比例不正确时是否须要补白：true为补白; false为不补白;	 * @throws IOException	 */	private static BufferedImage scale(String srcImageFile, int height, int width, boolean hasFiller) throws IOException {		double ratio = 0.0; // 缩放比例		File file = new File(srcImageFile);		BufferedImage srcImage = ImageIO.read(file);		Image destImage = srcImage.getScaledInstance(width, height, BufferedImage.SCALE_SMOOTH);		// 计算比例		if ((srcImage.getHeight() > height) || (srcImage.getWidth() > width)) {			if (srcImage.getHeight() > srcImage.getWidth()) {				ratio = (new Integer(height)).doubleValue() / srcImage.getHeight();			} else {				ratio = (new Integer(width)).doubleValue() / srcImage.getWidth();			}			AffineTransformOp op = new AffineTransformOp(AffineTransform.getScaleInstance(ratio, ratio), null);			destImage = op.filter(srcImage, null);		}		if (hasFiller) {// 补白			BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);			Graphics2D graphic = image.createGraphics();			graphic.setColor(Color.white);			graphic.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);			if (width == destImage.getWidth(null))				graphic.drawImage(destImage, 0, (height - destImage.getHeight(null)) / 2, destImage.getWidth(null), destImage						.getHeight(null), Color.white, null);			else				graphic.drawImage(destImage, (width - destImage.getWidth(null)) / 2, 0, destImage.getWidth(null), destImage						.getHeight(null), Color.white, null);			graphic.dispose();			destImage = image;		}		return (BufferedImage) destImage;	}	public static void main(String[] args) {		//src.jpg为头像文件		BarcodeFactory.encode("http://www.baidu.com", 300, 300, "E:/qrtest/src.jpg","E:/qrtest/生成带头像的二维码.jpg");	}}

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/gccbuaa/p/6740964.html

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